Tens of thousands of man-made chemicals are put to use and are dispersed into the environment especially the water resources. There are varieties of pathways by which these contaminants make their way into the water resources, organic contaminants like Volatile organic compounds (VOC) enter the groundwater when used to make plastics, dyes, rubbers etc, Pesticides enter when used as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides and algaecides. Plasticizers and chlorinated solvent enter the groundwater through improper waste disposal. If the groundwater is the drinking water resources, it will be potentially dangerous on human health. Pharmaceuticals and other organic contaminants are a set of compounds that are receiving an increasing amount of public and scientific attention because of their hydro-chemical constituents. Inorganic chemicals are usually present in natural waters at much higher concentration than their organic counterparts. Many studies have been conducted since 1970 to characterize concentrations of organic compounds in groundwater. In 1977, 16 drinking water wells were closed in Gray town of Maine State in the United State of America (USA) because there were at least 8 synthetic organics that were detected in them. And in 1985, there were at least 33 organics that were detected in drinking water wells in USA. Some of these inorganic contaminants such as Barium, Arsenic, Aluminium, chloride, chromium, copper, fluoride and Fe Can cause a variety of effects such as gastrointestinal effects, acute and chronic toxicity, liver and kidney damage; decreases blood haemoglobin, Alzheimer's disease and possibly other Neurotoxic effects, deteriorates plumbing, water heaters, and municipal water-works equipment at high levels, Chromium V1 which is much more toxic than Chromium 111 causes liver and kidney damage, internal haemorrhaging and intestinal distress, liver and kidney damage, anaemia in high doses, decreases incidence of tooth decay but high levels can stain or mottle teeth, crippling bone disorder. Some of these chemical contaminants may become less harmful after undergoing attenuation. This review becomes imperative because of the essential nature of groundwater as it pertains to its use for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes.