ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY STATUS OF A TYPICAL CONSTRUCTED FISH POND IN NWRI, KADUNA

08 Dec, 2025,

Abstract > Volume 10, Number 1 (2024) > Edith Nwakaego Chima, Omagbemi Omoloju Yaya, Ifie-Emi Francis Oseke, Vincent Chijioke Ugboaja, Kassim Abdullahi Baba, Segun Peter Michaels1, Terrang Safiya Usman1download full paper

ABSTRACT

The National Water Resources Institute (NWRI) constructed a fish pond for the purpose of research. This study focused on the analysis of heavy metals and selected physiochemical parameters of the pond. The concentrations of some heavy metals such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) were determined in water samples collected from source water (borehole) and fish pond water (constructed pond) and the results obtained were compared with WHO/EPA/NSDW standards. In addition to the heavy metals, some physiochemical parameters such as pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, chloride (Cl-), alkalinity and hardness were also determined in the sampled waters to assess their suitability for fish production. Heavy metals concentration were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) while the analysis of the physiochemical parameters were carried out using standard methods. All the heavy metals studied were present in both samples. However, the weekly mean concentrations of these heavy metals are in the following order iron (1.005) > zinc (0.347) > manganese (0.116) > chromium (0.003) > cadmium (0.002) > lead (0.001) (source water) and iron (3.335) > zinc (2.665) > manganese (2.572) > chromium (0.077) > cadmium (0.061) > lead (0.051) mg/L (fish pond water), respectively. In the source water (SW) sample, the average concentrations of all the heavy metals analyzed were within the permissible limits of WHO/NSDW while the reverse was the case for fish pond water (FPW). Among all the heavy metals studied, iron had the highest concentrations in both the SW and FPW. This may have resulted from the geology of the area where the pond is located and the corrosion of steel/iron used in the borehole casing. In fish pond water samples, there is a significant difference in the concentrations of all the heavy metals (p>0.05) across the weeks with strong correlations in the levels of heavy metal concentrations and some physiochemical parameters. However, regular monitoring of these heavy metals is recommended due to their potential to bioaccumulate in different fish tissues to the detriment of fish consumers.

KEYWORDS:  Pond Water, Source Water, Heavy Metals, and Physiochemical Parameters.

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